Referencias del capítulo 2
- Abadi M., A., Hatrick, A., y Paniagua, C. (2022). Impactos microeconómicos de los programas de financiamiento público para pymes en América Latina. Qué sabemos. Documentos de trabajo. CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1883
- Aghion, P., Fally, T., y Scarpetta, S. (2007). Credit constraints as a barrier to the entry and post-entry growth of firms. Economic Policy, 22(52), article 52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2007.00190.x
- Agudelo, M. (2021). La economía digital y las industrias digitales basadas en el conocimiento. Documentos de políticas para el desarrollo – CAF.
- Allub, L., Álvarez, F., Alves, G., Cont, W., Juncosa, F., Odriozola, J. (2024). Energías Renovadas: Transición energética justa para el desarrollo sostenible (RED;). Caracas: CAF. Retrieved from https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/2248
- Almeida, R., y Carneiro, P. (2012). Enforcement of Labor Regulation and Informality. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.64
- Álvarez, F., Brassiolo, P., Toledo, M., Allub, L., Alves, G., De la Mata, D., … Daude, C. (2020). RED 2020: Los sistemas de pensiones y salud en América Latina. Los desafíos del envejecimiento, el cambio tecnológico y la informalidad. Caracas: CAF. Retrieved from https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1652
- Álvarez, F., Eslava, M., Sanguinetti, P., Toledo, M., Alves, G., Daude, C., & Allub, L. (2018). RED 2018. Instituciones para la productividad: hacia un mejor entorno empresarial (report). Caracas: CAF. Retrieved from https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1343
- Álvarez, F., López, O., y Toledo, M. (2021). Acceso al financiamiento de las pymes. Documento de trabajo. CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1752
- Álvarez, F., y Toledo, M. (2022). Digitalización de las Pymes en América Latina. Documento de trabajo. CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1970
- Arraiz, I., Stucchi, R., y Henriquez, F. (2011). Impact of the Chilean Supplier Development Program on the Performance of SME and Their Large Firm Customers. SSRN Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1847123
- Attanasio, O., Guarín, A., Medina, C., y Meghir, C. (2017). Vocational Training for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: A Long-Term Follow-Up. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(2), article 2. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20150554
- Attanasio, O., Kugler, A., y Meghir, C. (2011). Subsidizing Vocational Training for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Trial. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.188
- Ayyagari, M., Juarros, P., Martinez Peria, M. S., y Singh, S. (2021). Access to Finance and Job Growth: Firm-Level Evidence across Developing Countries. Review of Finance, 25(5), article 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfab003
- Bakker, M. B. B., Garcia-Nunes, B., Lian, W., Liu, Y., Perez Marulanda, C., Siddiq, A., Sumlinski, M., Vasilyev, D., y Yang, Y. (2023). The Rise and Impact of Fintech in Latin America (IMF Fintech Note 2023). International Monetary Fund.
- Balyuk, T., Berger, A. N., y Hackney, J. (2022). What is Fueling FinTech Lending? The Role of Banking Market Structure. SSRN Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3633907
- Banco Mundial. (2020). Doing Business [Dataset]. https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness
- Banco Mundial. (2022). Gasto en investigación y desarrollo (% del PIB) [Dataset]. World Development Indicators. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?utm_medi
- Banco Mundial. (2023a). Comercio (% del PIB) [Dataset]. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS.
- Banco Mundial. (2023b). Crédito interno al sector privado (% del PIB) [Dataset]. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS
- Banco Mundial. (2024). PIB per cápita, PPA (dólares internacionales constantes de 2021) [Dataset]. World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD?locations=ZJ
- Beaumont, P., Tang, H., y Vansteenberghe, E. (2021). The role of FinTech in small business lending: Evidence from France. Working Paper.
- Berg, T., Fuster, A., y Puri, M. (2022). FinTech Lending. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 14, 187-207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-112042
- Bergolo, M., y Cruces, G. (2014). Work and tax evasion incentive effects of social insurance programs: Evidence from an employment-based benefit extension. Journal of Public Economics, 117, 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.015
- Bergolo, M., y Cruces, G. (2021). The anatomy of behavioral responses to social assistance when informal employment is high. Journal of Public Economics, 193, 104313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104313
- Bernal, R., Eslava, M., Meléndez, M., y Pinzón, A. (2017). Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’ Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform. Economía, 18(1), article 1.
- Besley, T., y Persson, T. (2013). Taxation and Development. Handbook of public economics, 5, 51-110.
- Bond, S., Harhoff, D., y Van Reenen, J. (2005). Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany. Annales d’Économie et de Statistique, 79/80, article 79/80. https://doi.org/10.2307/20777584
- Bosch, M., y Campos-Vazquez, R. M. (2014). The Trade-Offs of Welfare Policies in Labor Markets with Informal Jobs: The Case of the «Seguro Popular» Program in Mexico. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6 (4), article 4. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.4.71
- Buchak, G., Matvos, G., Piskorski, T., y Seru, A. (2018). Fintech, regulatory arbitrage, and the rise of shadow banks. Journal of Financial Economics, 130(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.03.011
- Camacho, A., Conover, E., y Hoyos, A. (2014). Effects of Colombia’s Social Protection System on Workers’ Choice between Formal and Informal Employment. The World Bank Economic Review, 28(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lht028
- CEPAL. (2017). Políticas industriales y tecnológicas en América Latina (Mario Cimoli, Mario Castillo, Gabriel Porcile y Giovanni Stumpo). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/42363-politicas-industriales-tecnologicas-america-latina
- Chiplunkar, G., Chaurey, R., y Soundararajan, V. (2024). Employment Protection Legislation and Informality: Theory and Evidence from India. SSRN Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4204033
- Claessens, S., y Klapper, L. F. (2005). Bankruptcy around the World: Explanations of Its Relative Use. American Law and Economics Review, 7(1), article 1. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahi004
- Conti, G., Ginja, R., y Narita, R. (2019). The Value of Free Health Insurance Schemes in Developing Countries. Documentos de Trabajo CAF. https://cafscioteca-test.azurewebsites.net/handle/123456789/1519
- Cornelli, G., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., y Jagtiani, J. (2024). The impact of fintech lending on credit access for U.S. small businesses. Journal of Financial Stability, 73, 101290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2024.101290
- Crisóstomo, V. L., López-Iturriaga, F. J., y Vallelado, E. (2011). Financial Constraints for Innovation in Brazil. Latin American Business Review, 12(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/10978526.2011.592797
- David, A., Pienknagura, S., y Roldos, J. (2020). Labor Market Dynamics, Informality and Regulations in Latin America. IMF Working Papers, No. 2020/019, article No. 2020/019.
- De Andrade, G. H., Bruhn, M., y McKenzie, D. (2016). A Helping Hand or the Long Arm of the Law? Experimental Evidence on What Governments Can Do to Formalize Firms. The World Bank Economic Review, 30(1), article 1. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhu008
- Di Maggio, M., y Yao, V. (2021). Fintech Borrowers: Lax Screening or Cream-Skimming? The Review of Financial Studies, 34 (10), article 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa142
- Dincecco, M., y Katz, G. (2016). State Capacity and Long‐Run Economic Performance. The Economic Journal, 126(590), article 590. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12161
- Dincecco, M., y Prado, M. (2012). Warfare, fiscal capacity, and performance. Journal of Economic Growth, 17(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-012-9079-4
- Dix-Carneiro, R., Goldberg, P., Meghir, C., y Ulyssea, G. (2021). Trade and Informality in the Presence of Labor Market Frictions and Regulations. Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper, 302, article 302. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3775073
- Escudero, V., Kluve, J., López Mourelo, E., y Pignatti, C. (2019). Active Labour Market Programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(12), article 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1546843
- Eslava, M., Meléndez, M., Tenjo, L., y Urdaneta, N. (2023). Business Size, Development, and Inequality in Latin America. Policy Research Working Paper 10584, World Bank
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099316010062340644/pdf/IDU0b81563c90346f04e980ae2507c324b92013d.pdf - Fairris, D., y Jonasson, E. (2020). Determinants of Changing Informal Employment in Brazil, 2000–2010. Journal of Development Economics and Finance, 1(1), article 1.
- Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., y Timmer, M. P. (2023). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table [Dataset]. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/related-research
- Fernandes, A., Nievas, G., y Winkler, D. (2021). Trade and Global Value Chain Integration in Latin America: Stylized Facts. Working Paper. World Bank, 159028, article 159028. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/852831620894644965/pdf/Trade-and-Global-Value-Chain-Integration-in-Latin-America-Stylized-Facts.pdf
- Fernández, C., y Villar, L. (2017). The Impact of Lowering the Payroll Tax on Informality in Colombia. Economía, 18(1), article 1.
- Finnovista y BID. (2022). Fintech en América Latina y el Caribe: Un ecosistema consolidado para la recuperación (América Latina y el Caribe; IDB Publications). Finnovista y Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) – BID Invest. https://publications.iadb.org/es/fintech-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe-un-ecosistema-consolidado-para-la-recuperacion
- Finnovista y BID. (2024). Fintech en América Latina y el Caribe: Un ecosistema consolidado con potencial para aportar a la inclusión financiera regional (América Latina y el Caribe; IDB Publications). Finnovista y Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) – BID Invest. https://publications.iadb.org/es/fintech-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe-un-ecosistema-consolidado-con-potencial-para-aportar-la.
- FMI. (2024). Financial Access Survey [Dataset]. https://data.imf.org/?sk=E5DCAB7E-A5CA-4892-A6EA-598B5463A34C
- Fuster, A., Plosser, M., Schnabl, P., y Vickery, J. (2019). The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), article 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz018
- Garganta, S., y Gasparini, L. (2015). The impact of a social program on labor informality: The case of AUH in Argentina. Journal of Development Economics, 115, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.02.004
- Gopal, M., y Schnabl, P. (2022). The Rise of Finance Companies and FinTech Lenders in Small Business Lending. The Review of Financial Studies, 35(11), article 11. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhac034
- Gorodnichenko, Y., y Schnitzer, M. (2013). Financial Constraints and Innovation: Why Poor Countries Don’t Catch Up. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(5), article 5.
- Haanwinckel, D., y Soares, R. R. (2021). Workforce Composition, Productivity, and Labour Regulations in a Compensating Differentials Theory of Informality. The Review of Economic Studies, 88(6), article 6.
- Hau, H., Huang, Y., Shan, H., y Sheng, Z. (2018). Fintech credit, financial inclusion and entrepreneurial growth. Unpublished Working Paper, 104.
- Hau, H., Huang, Y., Shan, H., y Sheng, Z. (2021). FinTech Credit and Entrepreneurial Growth. Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, 21-47, article 21-47.
- Hidalgo, C. A., y Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26), article 26. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900943106
- Ibarrarán, P., Kluve, J., Ripani, L., y Rosas Shady, D. (2015). Experimental Evidence on the Long-Term Impacts of a Youth Training Program. IZA Discussion Papers, 9136, article 9136. https://ideas.repec.org//p/iza/izadps/dp9136.html
- Ibarrarán, P., Ripani, L., Taboada, B., Villa, J., y Garcia, B. (2014). Life skills, employability and training for disadvantaged youth: Evidence from a randomized evaluation design. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 3(1), article 1.
- Inklaar, R., Marapin, R., y Gräler, K. (2023). GGDC Productivity Level Database 2023 Edition [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.34894/AEAX1F
- Jagtiani, J., Lambie-Hanson, L., y Lambie-Hanson, T. (2021). Fintech Lending and Mortgage Credit Access. The Journal of FinTech, 01(01), article 01. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2705109920500042
- Jagtiani, J., y Lemieux, C. (2018). Do fintech lenders penetrate areas that are underserved by traditional banks? Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.03.001
- Jagtiani, J., y Lemieux, C. (2019). The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform. Financial Management, 48(4), article 4. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12295
- Jaramillo, M., y Escobar, B. (2022). Employment protection legislation and on-the-job training in an informal labor market: Evidence from Peru. Peruvian Economic Association Working Paper, 184, article 184. https://perueconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/WP-184.pdf
- Kelly, S., Ferenzy, D., y McGrath, A. (2017). How Financial Institutions and Fintechs Are Partnering for Inclusion: Lessons from the Frontlines. Center for Financial Inclusion. https://financialinclusionweek.org/how-financial-institutions-and-fintechs-are-partnering-for-inclusion-lessons-from-the-frontlines-2/
- Klapper, L., Laeven, L., y Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics, 82(3), article 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.006
- Maloney, W., Garriga, P.; Meléndez, M.; Morales, R.; Jooste, C.; Sampi, J.; Araujo, J. T.; Vostroknutova, E. (2024). Competencia: ¿el ingrediente que falta para crecer? Informe Económico América Latina y el Caribe, abril. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/41230
- Marchionni, M., Gasparini, L., y Edo, M. (2019). Brechas de género en América Latina. Un estado de situación. CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1401
- Morales, L. F., y Medina, C. (2017). Assessing the Effect of Payroll Taxes on Formal Employment: The Case of the 2012 Tax Reform in Colombia. Economía, 18(1), article 1.
- OCDE, CAF y CEPAL. (2018). Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2018: Repensando las instituciones para el desarrollo.
- OCDE. (2022). Tendencias sobre competencia en Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2022. OCDE. https://doi.org/10.1787/f19a5033-es
- OCDE. (2024a). Breaking the Vicious Circles of Informal Employment and Low-Paying Work. OCDE. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/breaking-the-vicious-circles-of-informal-employment-and-low-paying-work_f95c5a74-en.html
- OCDE. (2024b). Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2024: An OECD Scoreboard. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/fa521246-en
- Ogilvie, S. (2022). State capacity and economic growth: Cautionary tales from history. National Institute Economic Review, 262, 28-50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/nie.2022.42
- OIT. (2019). EPLex [Dataset]. EPLex. https://eplex.ilo.org/.
- OIT. (2023a). Participación en la fuerza laboral, por sexo y año [Dataset]. ILOSTAT. https://rshiny.ilo.org/dataexplorer19/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EAP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT_A.
- OIT. (2023b). Tasa de empleo informal [Dataset]. ILOSTAT. https://rshiny.ilo.org/dataexplorer23/?id=EMP_2IFL_SEX_RT_A
- Peirano, F. (2011). El FONTAR y la promoción de la innovación en empresas entre 2006 y 2010. Investigación científica e innovación tecnológica en Argentina: Impacto de los fondos de la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica.
- Pires, J. C. L., Lodato, S., Cravo, T., y Vellani, S. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of IDB Approaches Supporting SMEs: Assessing Results in the Brazilian Manufacturing Sector. IDB Publications. https://doi.org/10.18235/0010692
- Samaniego de la Parra, B. (2017). Formal Firms, Informal Workers and Household Labor Supply in Mexico. Unpublished.
- Sanguinetti, P., Moncarz, P., Vaillant, M., Allub, L., Juncosa, F., Barril, D., … Lalanne, Á. (2021). RED 2021: Caminos para la integración: facilitación del comercio, infraestructura y cadenas globales de valor. Caracas: CAF. Retrieved from https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1823
- Soares, R. R., y Haanwinckel, D. (2017). Fighting employment informality with schooling. IZA World of Labor – Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), 394-394.
- The Conference Board. (2023). Total Economy Database [Dataset]. https://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/total-economy-database-productivity
- Ulyssea, G. (2018). Firms, Informality, and Development: Theory and Evidence from Brazil. American Economic Review, 108(8), article 8. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141745
- Ulyssea, G. (2020). Informality: Causes and Consequences for Development. Annual Review of Economics, 12(1), article 1.
- WITS. (2022). World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS)—Banco Mundial [Dataset]. https://wits.worldbank.org/
- World Economic Forum. (2019). Global Competitiveness Report 2019 [Dataset]. https://es.weforum.org/publications/global-competitiveness-report-2019/
- Zhang, D. (2021). Impacts of credit constraints on innovation propensity and innovation performance: Evidence from China and India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 30(2), article 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2021.1872033